What are the specific requirements for the performance of home appliance prototype parts?
Publish Time: 2024-08-22
The performance requirements of home appliance prototype parts usually include the following aspects:
Physical properties:
Dimensional accuracy: The dimensions of the parts must accurately meet the design requirements to ensure the accuracy of matching with other parts. For example, the installation dimensions of the refrigerator compressor must be accurate to ensure that it is tightly and properly installed with the refrigerator body; the dimensional accuracy of the air conditioner fan blade affects the air flow and air volume adjustment. The dimensional tolerance is usually controlled within a small range, determined according to different parts and specific application scenarios, and may be at the millimeter level or even smaller.
Shape accuracy: The shape of the part should be consistent with the design drawing to avoid deformation, distortion and other problems. For example, the outer shell of a TV set, poor shape accuracy may cause uneven screen installation or appearance defects; the drum of a washing machine, if the shape is irregular, will affect the washing effect of the clothes and the operating stability of the machine.
Surface quality: The surface of the part should be smooth and flat, without defects such as burrs, scratches, and pits. For example, the appearance of plastic parts of home appliances, good surface quality can improve the appearance and texture of the product; the surface quality of electrical contacts is directly related to contact resistance and conductivity, affecting the normal operation of the appliance. Surface roughness generally has clear numerical requirements, which are detected and controlled by specific measurement methods and instruments.
Density and weight: On the premise of meeting performance and function, the density and weight of parts should be as small as possible to facilitate the overall lightweight design of home appliances, facilitate handling, installation and use, and also help reduce material costs and energy consumption. For example, the indoor unit shell of the air conditioner adopts lightweight materials and design to reduce weight while ensuring strength.
Mechanical properties:
Strength: Parts should have sufficient strength to withstand various external forces that may be encountered during use, such as tension, compression, bending, shearing, etc., without breaking or excessive deformation. For example, the turntable bracket of a microwave oven must have sufficient strength to support the weight of food and the centrifugal force during rotation; the handle of an electric kettle must be able to withstand the weight of the kettle after it is filled with water and the tension in daily use. The strength index is determined according to the specific use and stress conditions of the parts, and is guaranteed by material selection and structural design.
Hardness: Some parts need to have a certain hardness to resist wear, scratches and collisions. For example, the drawer slides of refrigerators have high hardness to reduce wear and extend service life; the brush head of a vacuum cleaner needs to be hard enough to effectively clean the floor without being easily damaged. The hardness requirements vary depending on the use environment and contact objects of the parts, and can be improved by heat treatment or surface treatment of the materials.
Toughness: With good toughness, it can absorb energy when impacted or suddenly loaded to avoid brittle fracture. For example, the power cord of home appliances may be pulled, bent, etc. in daily use, and needs to have a certain toughness to prevent fracture; the heating tube of the electric heater will also be subjected to certain stress when the temperature changes, and good toughness can ensure its reliability.
Elasticity: Some parts need to be elastic and able to return to their original state after being stressed, such as springs and sealing rings. The elastic properties of the spring determine its reset function and buffering effect in the appliance; the elasticity of the sealing ring ensures the sealing performance and prevents gas or liquid leakage. The indicators of elasticity include elastic modulus, elastic limit, etc., which are controlled by material selection and processing technology.
Chemical properties:
Corrosion resistance: In the use environment of household appliances, they may be exposed to various media such as water, air, detergents, and cleaning agents. Parts should have good corrosion resistance to prevent rust and corrosion damage. For example, the inner drum of a washing machine, the water tank of a water heater, and other parts that are in contact with water for a long time usually use corrosion-resistant stainless steel or special coating materials; kitchen appliances are exposed to moisture and oil fume environments, and their metal parts also need to have good corrosion resistance.
Antioxidation: Under conditions such as high temperature and oxygen, the material of the parts should not be prone to oxidation reactions to ensure their performance and service life. For example, the heating elements and their connecting parts in heating appliances such as electric ovens and electric heaters need to have good oxidation resistance to prevent problems such as increased resistance, reduced heating efficiency, or short circuits due to oxidation.
Electrical properties (for related electrical parts):
Conductivity: For conductive parts, such as wires, cables, electrodes, etc., good conductivity is required to ensure smooth transmission of current and reduce resistance and energy loss. Conductivity is an important indicator for measuring conductivity. Different application scenarios have different requirements for conductivity. For example, high-power electrical equipment needs to use wires with higher conductivity to avoid heating due to excessive resistance.
Insulation: For electrical insulation parts, such as insulating sleeves, insulating gaskets, etc., they must have excellent insulation performance, which can effectively prevent current leakage and electrical short circuits, and ensure the safety of users and the normal operation of electrical appliances. Insulation resistance, withstand voltage strength, etc. are key indicators for measuring insulation performance. It is necessary to select appropriate insulation materials and design insulation structures according to the working voltage and use environment of the electrical appliances.
Electromagnetic compatibility: In modern home appliances, many electrical equipment will generate electromagnetic radiation, and may also be interfered by external electromagnetic signals. Therefore, the relevant parts should have a certain electromagnetic compatibility, which can reduce the impact of the electromagnetic interference generated by themselves on other equipment, and resist external electromagnetic interference to a certain extent, to ensure the normal operation and stable performance of the electrical appliances. For example, the motherboard of a TV, the power supply of a computer and other parts need to meet the requirements of electromagnetic compatibility.
Thermal performance:
Heat resistance: Home appliances will generate heat during operation, and some parts need to maintain stable performance in a high temperature environment. For example, the heating plate of an electric kettle and the inner pot of an electric rice cooker must be able to withstand high temperatures without deformation or damage, and their materials must have high heat resistance and good thermal stability.
Thermal conductivity: For some parts that need to dissipate heat, such as radiators and heat sinks, they are required to have good thermal conductivity and be able to quickly transfer heat to reduce the temperature of the parts themselves and the surrounding environment to ensure the normal operating temperature range of the appliance. Thermal conductivity is an important indicator for measuring thermal conductivity, and different materials with different thermal conductivity will be selected for different heat dissipation requirements.
Other properties:
Processability: Parts should be easy to manufacture through various processing techniques, including cutting, stamping, injection molding, welding, etc., to meet the design shape, size and precision requirements, while reducing processing costs and improving production efficiency. For example, the injection molding process of plastic parts requires the material to have good fluidity and formability; the cutting process of metal parts requires the material to have appropriate hardness and toughness, which is convenient for the processing tool to cut.
Assembling: The design of parts should take into account the convenience and accuracy of assembly with other parts to ensure that they can be installed smoothly during the assembly process, and the assembled structure is firm and reliable, meeting the design function and performance requirements. For example, the size and spacing of the pins of the electronic components on the circuit board of the home appliance should match the sockets of the circuit board to facilitate plug-in and welding; the position and size of the screw holes should be accurate so that screws can be used for fastening.
Reliability and durability: Under normal use conditions, parts should have a long service life and stable performance, and be able to withstand long-term use, frequent operation, and various environmental factors that may be encountered, reducing the frequency of failures and repairs. For example, key components such as air conditioner compressors and refrigerator motors need to undergo rigorous reliability tests and durability tests to ensure reliable operation throughout the product's life cycle.
Environmental protection: With the improvement of environmental awareness, the material selection and manufacturing process of home appliance prototype parts should meet environmental protection requirements as much as possible to reduce environmental pollution and resource consumption. For example, use recyclable materials, reduce the use of hazardous substances, and optimize production processes to reduce wastewater and exhaust emissions.
